Products related to Instability:
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Cyberspace and Instability
Reconceptualises instability in relation to cyberspaceAssesses the risks of inadvertent escalation in cyberspaceExamines the role of NATO in cyber conflictExplores the infrastructural aspects of stability and the role of resilienceCase studies include US-China relations, the 2016 Presidential Elections, IoT devices and the African Union A wide range of actors have publicly identified cyber stability as a key policy goal but the meaning of stability in the context of cyber policy remains vague and contested.Vague because most policymakers and experts do not define cyber stability when they use the concept.Contested because they propose measures that rely often implicitly on divergent understandings of cyber stability.This volume is a thorough investigation of instability within cyberspace and of cyberspace itself.Its purpose is to reconceptualise stability and instability for cyberspace, highlight their various dimensions and thereby identify relevant policy measures.This book critically examines both 'classic' notions associated with stability for example, whether cyber operations can lead to unwanted escalation as well as topics that have so far not been addressed in the existing cyber literature, such as the application of a decolonial lens to investigate Euro-American conceptualisations of stability in cyberspace.
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Macroeconomics : Institutions, Instability, and Inequality
At the cutting edge of the subject area, the authors bring the macroeconomics that researchers and policymakers use today into focus.By developing a coherent set of tractable models, the book enables students to explore and make sense of the pressing questions facing global economies. Carlin and Soskice connect students with contemporary research and policy in macroeconomics.The authors' 3-equation model - extended to include the financial system and with an integrated treatment of inequality - equips students with a method they can apply to the enduring challenges stirred by the financial crisis and the Great Recession. Key features• Engaged with the latest developments in macroeconomic research, policy, and debate, the authors make the cutting edge accessible to undergraduate readers• The theme of inequality is integrated throughout in modelling and applications, with incomplete contracts in labour and credit markets underpinning the presence of involuntary unemployment and credit constraints• The content distils business cycles into a 3-equation model of the demand side, the supply side, and the policy maker, providing a realistic and transparent model which students can deploy to address the questions that interest them• Open economy modelling for both flexible and fixed exchange rate regimes builds on the same foundations and handles oil and climate shocks, as well as the Eurozone crisis• Features thorough treatment of the financial system and how to integrate the financial and business cycles, including coverage on policy design and implementation for financial stability in the wake of the 2008-9 financial crisis and an exploration of hysteresis in the context of the Great Recession• Comprehensive coverage of monetary policy including the ample reserves regime and of fiscal policy and debt dynamics• Unified treatment of exogenous and endogenous growth models emphasizing the different mechanisms through which diminishing returns to capital can be offset, while Chapter 17 on the ICT revolution examines the implications of innovation and technological change on the future of work and inequality• Contains a chapter considering contemporary quantitative macroeconomics research - including the Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian (HANK) model - exposing students to the tools that researchers currently use, as well as the benefits and limitations of these methods• End-of-chapter 'Checklist questions' enable students to assess their comprehension, while 'Problems' prompt students to apply independent critical thought• Also available as an e-book enhanced with access to The Macroeconomic Simulator, Animated Analytical Diagrams, and self-assessment activities enabling students to recap content and investigate how models work at their own paceDigital formats and resourcesThis title is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats and is supported by online resources. The e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with self-assessment activities, multi-media content, and links that offer extra learning support.For more information visit:www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks/This title is supported by a range of online resource for students including multiple-choice-questions with instant feedback, interactive Animated Analytical Diagrams, access to The Macroeconomic Simulator, web appendices which develop chapters 1, 4, 7, and 18, In addition, lecturers can access PowerPoint slides to accompany each chapter and answers to the problems and questions set in the book.
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The BPD Journals III : Stable Instability
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Macroeconomics: Institutions, Instability, and the Financial System
This authoritative new textbook integrates the modern monetary framework, based on the 3-equation model of the demand side, the supply side and the policy maker, with a model of the financial system.As a result, the authors comprehensively address the limitations of the mainstream macroeconomic model exposed by the financial crisis and the Eurozone crisis. The book guides the reader through the three principal steps required to integrate the financial system within the macroeconomic model. Firstly, the authors examine how the margin of the lending rate over the policy rate is set in the commercial banking sector, how money is created in a modern banking system and how the central bank can take account of the working of the banking system in order to achieve its desired policy outcome. Secondly, the authors explore the characteristics of the financial system that result in vulnerability to a financial crisis, with implications for fiscal balance.The economy depends on the continuity of core banking services and governments cannot afford to let them fail.This means that important banks do not bear the full cost of their lending decisions.As a result, they may have an incentive to take on excessive risk. Thirdly, a simple model is developed of the behaviour of highly-leveraged financial institutions as the basis for a leverage or financial cycle in the economy. In addition, the book extends the 3-equation model to the open economy and uses a simple 2-bloc version of the 3-equation model to introduce global imbalances.The case of a common currency area is handled within the core model - both at the Eurozone level and at the level of member countries.Every chapter emphasises how the different actors in the economy behave and interact: what are they trying to achieve and what limits their ability to put their intentions into practice?This is extended to the modelling of growth, where the role of innovation rents in the Schumpeterian model is highlighted.It is essential that students understand previous periods of growth, stability and crisis in preparing for future shocks.With this in mind, the book enables the reader to interpret long run historical data and to compare institutional detail in different eras and across the world.Consequently, this text not only develops the critical thinking skills required for academic success, but ensures the reader can analyse data, trends, and policy debates with the confidence necessary for a career in economics or finance.As a result, it is essential reading for all those interested in learning more about the current macroeconomic system and the role played by financial institutions. Online Resource Centre:For students:Conduct a range of exercises with the closed and open economy versions of the model using the Excel-based macroeconomic simulator. Develop your understanding with additional technical material available in the accompanying web appendices. For registered lecturers:Access the solutions to end of chapter questions from the book.
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What is instability, inhumanity, and inefficiency?
Instability refers to a lack of stability or consistency, often resulting in unpredictability and insecurity. Inhumanity refers to actions or behaviors that are cruel, lacking compassion, or disregarding the well-being of others. Inefficiency refers to a lack of effectiveness or productivity, often resulting in wasted time, resources, or effort. These three concepts can have negative impacts on individuals, societies, and organizations, leading to a range of problems and challenges.
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What does knee instability 2 mean?
Knee instability 2 refers to a condition where the knee joint is not stable and may give way or feel loose during movement. This can be caused by ligament injuries, muscle weakness, or structural abnormalities in the knee joint. Individuals with knee instability 2 may experience pain, swelling, and difficulty with activities that require bending or weight-bearing on the affected knee. Treatment may include physical therapy, bracing, or in severe cases, surgery to repair the damaged structures in the knee.
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What does 'knee instability 2' mean?
Knee instability 2 refers to a condition where the knee joint is not stable and may feel loose or give way during movement. This can be caused by ligament damage, muscle weakness, or other underlying issues. It is important to address knee instability 2 to prevent further injury and improve overall function and mobility of the knee joint.
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What does mental instability 2 mean?
Mental instability 2 refers to a level of psychological distress or impairment that is more severe than mental instability 1. It may involve symptoms such as severe mood swings, difficulty functioning in daily life, or a higher level of risk to oneself or others. Individuals with mental instability 2 may require more intensive treatment and support to manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being.
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Anterolateral Rotatory Instability in ACL Deficient Knee
This book comprehensively discusses anterolateral rotatory instability in the ACL deficient knee, exploring anatomy, biomechanics, diagnostics, clinics, surgical techniques as well as short and long term outcomes. The author also offers an historical perspective ranging from the birth of modern anterior cruciate ligament surgery to the renewed global interest towards the role of secondary restraints and extra-articular reconstructions.Step-by-step guidance throughout each surgical technique further equips the reader to handle this complex condition. Covering all theoretical and practical aspects, as well as future perspectives, this book is a must-read for all orthopedic surgeons and sports physicians wanting to gain insights into this promising field.
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Patellar Instability : Management Principles and Operative Techniques
Written by experts in the field, Patellar Instability and Dislocation: Classification and Operative Techniques is a comprehensive, authoritative review of the procedures used to address this challenging condition.Includes step-by-step procedures, both in print and on video, to guide you through today's most effective approaches to stabilization and reconstruction, trochleoplasty, limb realignment osteotomy, and much more. Provides an overview of treatments based on classifications of patellar instability, including anatomical, biomechanical, and surgical considerations. Features procedures for proximal realignment and distal realignment; trochleoplasty techniques; chondral and osteochondral lesions with patellar instability; techniques to address patellar instability in skeletally immature patients; limb realignment osteotomies and patellar instability; and how to address complications. Offers expert coverage of each procedure both in print and video format. Includes discussions of surgical anatomy, indications and contraindications, evaluation, surgical management, pearls and pitfalls, preoperative and postoperative protocols, and outcomes. Enhance Your eBook Reading ExperienceRead directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.
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Generic Instability and Identity in the Contemporary Novel
Contemporary aesthetics is characterized by generic mixing on the level of both form and content.The barriers between different media and different genres have been broken down in all literary art forms, whether it be theatre, poetry, or the novel.While the publishing industry is increasingly keen to label novels according to genre or sub-genre ("Chick Lit", "Lad Lit", "Gay fiction", "Scottish fiction", "New Historical Fiction", "Crime fiction", "Post-9/11 Fiction"), the novel itself (and novelists) persist in resisting generic categorizations as well as inviting them.Is this a move towards a new artistic liberty or does it simply testify to a confusion of identity?The "aesthetic supermarket" evoked by Lodge in 1992 does indeed seem to sum up the variety of choices open to writers of fiction today and a literary landscape characterized by crossover and hybridization.The familiar dialectic of realism versus experimentation has segued into a middle ground of consensus which is neither radical nor populist, but both at the same time.The techniques of postmodernism have become selling points for novels, and the Postmodern Condition itself seems little more than a narrative posture marketed for an increasingly wide audience.Whether they have recourse to a "repertoire of imposture" (Amis, Self, Winterson), as Richard Bradford would have it (The Novel Now, 2007), in other words "the abandonment of any obligation to explain or justify their excursions from credulity and mimesis", or, like the New Puritans, make use of narrative minimalism in order to foreground their own peculiarities, contemporary novelists consistently draw attention to the fundamental instability of narrative process and genre.The much-feared apocalypse of the novel has failed to take place with the arrival of the new millennium, but generic game-playing and flickering, narrative hesitation and uncertainty continue to pose the question of what constitutes a novel today and to challenge its identity in a world where all culture is increasingly public, increasingly contested and increasingly multifarious.Thanks to theoretical approaches as well as analyses of specific works, this collection of essays aims to examine the concepts of generic instability and cross-fertilization, of narrative postures and impostures, and their constant redefinition of identity, which contaminates the very concept of genre.It demonstrates the diversity of generic practices in the novel today and furnishes us with undeniable evidence of how generic instability is fundamentally constitutive of the contemporary novel's identity.
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Post-War Instability and Human Security in Nepal
This book studies post-war instability in Nepal and its effect on human security.It looks at Nepal’s Maoist People’s War, the Nepali peace-building process, and political development in Nepal.Drawing on in-depth interviews, the book discusses multiple issues of the peace-building process, including education, health, economics, income, gender inequality, human rights, and the sociopolitical inclusion of marginal people and backward communities.The author also explores the relationship between peace-building and the broader concept of freedom, examining factors that affect Nepali determination. The book will be useful for students and researchers of politics, peace and conflict studies, sociology, development studies, strategic and security studies, contemporary history, international relations, Nepal studies, and South Asian studies.
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What does knee instability 3 mean?
Knee instability 3 refers to a severe level of instability in the knee joint. This may be due to ligament damage, such as a complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), or other structural issues within the knee. This level of instability can significantly impact a person's ability to bear weight on the affected knee and may require surgical intervention to repair the damage and restore stability to the joint. Rehabilitation and physical therapy are often necessary to regain strength and function in the knee after treatment.
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What is an alternative to infinite instability?
An alternative to infinite instability is finding a balance or equilibrium. This can be achieved by implementing systems or practices that promote stability, such as setting clear boundaries, establishing routines, and fostering open communication. By creating a sense of predictability and structure, individuals and organizations can reduce the likelihood of constant change and uncertainty, leading to a more sustainable and harmonious environment.
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How does instability in the knee feel?
Instability in the knee can feel like the knee is giving out or buckling, making it difficult to support your weight. This sensation can be accompanied by a feeling of looseness or wobbliness in the knee joint. It may also cause pain, swelling, and difficulty with activities that require bending or straightening the knee. Overall, instability in the knee can be uncomfortable and may impact your ability to move and perform daily tasks.
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How does gait instability affect the psyche?
Gait instability can have a significant impact on an individual's psyche. It can lead to feelings of anxiety, fear, and frustration as the person may worry about falling or losing their balance. This can result in a loss of confidence and independence, leading to social isolation and decreased quality of life. Additionally, the constant fear of falling can contribute to feelings of depression and a sense of helplessness.
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